Mares with uterine disease most commonly present as cases of poor fertility, including failure to conceive, pregnancy loss or abortion. Mares with a history of uterine fluid accumulation, abnormal or...
Equine gastric ulcers are reported in all ages and breeds of horse. The incidence of equine squamous gastric disease in researched cohorts is reported to be between 11–92% (Murray et al, 1989;...
Healthy geriatric donkeys mostly require a basic diet of good quality barley, oat or wheat straw, and limited access to grass. Donkeyspecific vitamin and mineral requirements have not been...
Overall, when forming a nutrition plan, the following key areas need to be considered. In addition, when advising on animals which may be competing under specific regulations, it is essential that the...
Although many different approaches for treatment of insect bite hypersensitivity have been described, the most effective method is the avoidance of Culicoides allergens. Avoidance or reduced allergen...
Horses become infected with S. equi via the nose or mouth, most likely through ingestion of contaminated food or water (Figure 1) (Boyle et al, 2018). The bacteria attaches to and invades the mucosal...
There have been concerns that frozen semen is associated with increased problems, such as accumulation of uterine fluid and persistent-breeding induced endometritis (PBIE). However, from the research...
Some specific dental diseases occur more commonly in geriatric donkeys. In a study involving dental examinations of 357 donkeys, Du Toit et al (2009) found a high prevalence of diastemata, with 76% in...
Crowell-Davies (1986a) identified three developmental stages: the dependent period from birth to 3–4 weeks, the socialisation period from 2–3 months and the stabilisation period from 4 months...
In general, a Caslick's operation is indicated when malconformation or inadequate closure of the vulva is present, for example as a result of trauma, weight loss, or congenital deviation from the...
A variety of metabolic derangements can result in neurological dysfunction, which can be reversed by correcting the imbalance in many cases. It should be noted that, since these abnormalities...
