EquineReview

Hall et al (2022) investigated the presenting signs, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of horses with rib fractures using nuclear scintigraphy, radiographic and /or ultrasonographic examination. Only seven horses (10%) had a history of trauma to the site; 29% presented with lameness and 56% were presented for investigation of poor performance. Once examined, 18% were forelimb lame and 24% were hindlimb lame, and 12% were lame in both. Following diagnostic analgesia, the lameness was found to be independent of the fracture in all but three horses, where forelimb lameness was attributed to fracture of T1 (first rib). Palpation was recorded as being painful over the affected rib in only 38% cases.

Radiography was performed in 24 horses and was considered diagnostic for rib fracture in 10 horses (42%). Changes included increased opacity, callus formation, a radiolucent line or change in rib contour. Ultrasound was performed in 59 horses and identified the fracture in 98% of cases. Findings included discontinuity of the bone surface echo, cortical deficiencies and displacement. Nuclear scintigraphy was performed in 59 horses and, as expected, identified the presence of the fracture in all horses. The 18th rib was the most commonly fractured rib (42% cases).