The initial presentation of acute colitis or typhlocolitis in the donkey is usually vague. Owners may notice that the donkey's demeanour is less bright than usual, appetite may be reduced or...
Colic in donkeys is frequently diagnosed late due to the lack of recognition of pain in this species (Ashley et al, 2005). Clinical signs of impactions and displacements can be confusing with only...
The eye is recognised as an immune privileged organ, with numerous adaptive mechanisms and barriers, such as the so-called anterior chamber-associated immune deviation, the blood-aqueous barrier and...
In the UK, there are 1.3 million horses and annually £4.3 billion of equine consumer spending (British Equine Trade Association National Equestrian Survey, 2011) but there is no comparable ‘donkey...