The mouth and teeth have two main functions: to chew food and to lubricate food with saliva. While no enzymatic digestion or absorption occurs at this time, mastication still represents the initial...
The prevalence of equine glandular gastric disease has anecdotally increased over the last 15 years; in clinical and abattoir studies of various horse types worldwide, prevalence is between 47% and...
Ruet (2019) considers there to be four behavioural indicators of poor welfare state in horses: stereotypic behaviour, aggression toward humans, withdrawn state and the expression of stress...
Free-ranging domesticated horses that have become feral or are kept under naturalistic free-range conditions stop being suckled by the age of approximately 10 months, unless their dam is not pregnant...
Ruet (2019) considers there to be four behavioural indicators of poor welfare state in horses: stereotypic behaviour, aggression toward humans, withdrawn state and the expression of stress...
When horses are handled by nervous humans their heart rate increases (Keeling et al, 2009). Horses also react differently to odours from nervous humans, they touch people more and spend more time with...